Browse Items (5 total)

Irish-born E. L. Godkin, a fearless liberal, founded the distinguished and long-lived New York Nation in 1865. So biting were his criticisms that the magazine was dubbed “the weekly day of judgment.” his views on the blunders of Reconstruction were…

Tunis Campbell, a northern black man, moved to the South during Reconstruction. He became an important political leader in Georgia. These excerpts from secondary sources present contrasting interpretations of Campbell’s goals and strategies.

In 1865 and 1866, blacks throughout the South held conventions to determine the best strategies for protecting their freedoms in the aftermath of the war. This document is an excerpt from a convention of “colored citizens” that met in Alexandria,…

In August 1865, Tennessee planter P. H. Anderson entreated his former slave, Jourdon Anderson, to return to the plantation where he had been enslaved for more than thirty years of his life. Jourdon Anderson formerly served as an overseer on the…